Das Projekt "B 5.1: Fate of agrochemicals in integrated farming systems in Son-La province, Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Fachgebiet Biogeophysik durchgeführt. In Son La province, Northern Vietnam, many irrigated farming systems include ponds in which small-scale farmers raise fish to produce additional food and income. The main field crops in this area are paddy rice and maize. Often, irrigation water is first used in paddy fields, before it flows to the fishponds. Because farmers regularly apply considerable amounts of agrochemicals, mainly insecticides, to field crops fish production suffers. Moreover, agrochemicals may enter the human food chain. Subproject B5.1 will study the fate of agrochemicals applied in two subcatchments near Yen Chau, Son La province. Investigations will be carried out in close collaboration with A1.3, B4.1, C4.1, D5.2, and G1.2. In the two subcatchments, fishponds have been investigated by D5.1 since 2003. We will carry out a survey of the subcatchments with special emphasis on the water distribution systems (fields, ponds, canals, brooks). The data will be linked to the GIS (Geographical Information System) set up by B4.1. In one subcatchment, B5.1 will install a weather station as well as five TDR (time do-main reflectometry) probes and tensiometers. Water flow through the system will be recorded by means of water meters and V-shaped (Thompson) weirs equipped with automatic pressure sensors. Soil and water samples from selected fields sites, pond inflows, and ponds will be regularly screened for agrochemicals using the procedure developed by B2.1 (Ciglasch et al., 2005; see below). Soil and sediment characteristics that determine water regime and soil-agrochemical interaction, e.g. texture, organic carbon content, hydraulic conductivity, partitioning coefficients, and half-life times will be measured in laboratory and field experiments in cooperation with B4.1. In preparation for the next phase, discharge will be assessed and agrochemical concentrations monitored in the main catchment.
Das Projekt "Teilprojekt 3" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Sea & Sun Technology GmbH durchgeführt. Seen stellen empfindliche Ökosysteme dar, die durch anthropogene Umwelteinflüsse, wie den Klimawandel und der Landwirtschaft, gefährdet sind. Ein wichtiges Problem ist die Überversorgung mit Nährstoffen (Eutrophierung), die u.a. zur Trübung des Wassers durch Mikroalgen und zur Veränderung der Lebensbedingungen für Unterwasserpflanzen und -tieren führt. Um einen guten ökologischen Zustand gemäß der EU-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, die Wasserqualität und die Unterwasservegetation laufend zu überwachen, damit entsprechende Gegenmaßnahmen eingeleitet werden können. Bisher geschieht diese Überwachung weitgehend manuell, z.B. unter Einsatz von Taucher*innen, und ist damit sehr aufwändig und kostenintensiv. Im Rahmen des geplanten Projektes MOVE soll das Monitoring der Unterwasservegetation und Wasserqualität in Seen mittels autonomer digitaler Systeme in Form von schwarmfähigen Unterwasserrobotern durchgeführt werden. Das Teilprojekt von Sea & Sun Technology GmbH umfasst dabei die Ausstattung der Roboter mit Sensoren. Diese Sensoren sollen physikalische und chemische Messungen entsprechend den jetzigen Anforderungen als auch Messungen zusätzliche Einflussgrößen ermöglichen. Für die Aufnahme des Lichtklimas als wesentlicher Faktor für das Wachstum von Wasserpflanzen (Makrophyten) wird extra ein Lichtsensor mit Aufnahme des Linienspektrums neu entwickelt. Die Funktionalisierung der Unterwasserroboter ermöglicht Monitoring und Kartierung von Umweltparametern größerer Gebiete in Seen in kurzer Zeit und kostengünstig.
Das Projekt "Standardization of Ice Forces on Offshore Structures Design (STANDICE)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Dr. J. Schwarz durchgeführt. Objective: During the past six years two RTD-projects have been performed by a consortium of seven European partners to investigate ice forces on marine structures. The aim of this work has been to establish new methods for ice load predictions. The work has been supported by the EC under the projects LOLEIF and STRICE. The data compiled by these projects are of great importance for the future development of offshore wind energy converters, OWECS, in the ice-covered seas of Europe. Because the ice forces on marine structures are internationally heavily disputed the present design codes for OWECS as well as for all marine structures in ice-infested waters are not been considered reliable. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to contribute to the development of an international standard for the design of marine structures such as OWECS against ice loads with special emphasis on European sub-arctic ice conditions.
Das Projekt "2nd Workshop on Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von abiosus Gemeinnütziger Verein zur Förderung der Forschung über nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. durchgeführt. Internationale wissenschaftliche Diskussion und Gedankenaustausch der neuesten Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiet der chemischen Nutzung von Fetten und Ölen. Die wichtigsten Gruppen, die weltweit auf dem Gebiet 'Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstocks fort he Chemical Industry' arbeiten, werden zur wissenschaftlichen Diskussion ihrer neuesten Ergebnisse und der Möglichkeiten der Anwendung neuer, insbesondere katalytischer Reaktionen auf Öle und Fette zu dem internationalen Workshop an der FH OOW in Emden eingeladen. Der Workshop dient auch dazu, die Nachwuchsgruppe 'Stoffliche Nutzung von Fetten und Ölen als nachwachsende Rohstoffe: Synthese von Zwischenprodukten der chemischen Industrie' als Zentrum der internationalen Diskussion zu diesem Thema etablieren. Die Nachwuchsgruppe an der FH OOW kann bei dem Workshop ihre bereits bestehenden Kontakte mit führenden Experten auf ihrem Forschungsgebiet weiterentwickeln und neue Kontakte knüpfen sowie diese für ihre Arbeit nutzen. Die Ergebnisse des Workshops werden in einem Special Issue des European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology publiziert.
Das Projekt "Demonstration of a sustainable CHP concept using residues from olive oil production (OLIVEPOWER)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von New Energy Biomasse Hellas GmbH durchgeführt. Objective: The project focuses on the demonstration of an innovative and sustainable CHP concept using residues from olive oil production (olive wastes) as fuel. A first plant based on the new concept will be realised in Greece. The main objective of the project is to demonstrate a closed cycle concept able to reduce landfill problems and emissions and to promote the use of renewable electricity production in Southern Europe. The project will be based on an approach integrating the whole chain (fuel logistics and preparation, energy production, by-product utilisation). An optimised fuel logistic concept will guarantee for a secured fuel supply over the whole year. The fuel will not only be dewatered and dried but also a marketable by-product will be produced. By this means a better fuel quality can be achieved and solid wastes as well as waste- water can be omitted. The development and design of the combustion unit focuses on a technology tailored to the special characteristics of the olive waste.
Das Projekt "Sustainable use of fruits of Bertholletia excelsa" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Arbeitsbereich für Weltforstwirtschaft und Institut für Weltforstwirtschaft des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit durchgeführt. Objectives: Bertholletia excelsa Humb. and Bonpl. is one of the protected tree species of Amazonia in Brazil although classified as vulnerable acc. to IUCN. It is prohibited to fell trees and use their timber. However, the fruits, commonly known as Brazil nuts, can be harvested for local consumption and export. The objective of the project is to investigate a natural primary forest in Roraima, Brazil and assess the commercial potential for harvesting nuts, with special reference to international sustainability criteria. Although there has been no timber harvest in the forest in the past, nuts have been collected extensively by the local population - mainly for sale on the local markets. These activities were stopped in 2004. The research is closely connected to the natural forest management project. Results: Results are not yet available. However, preliminary data analyses reveal that - there is hardly any correlation between size of mother trees and available regeneration or available fruit mass located on the ground around those trees; - the amount of nuts per tree (approx. greater than 60 cm dbh) is very variable; - regeneration (seedlings and advanced growth) is sparse which makes long-term survival of the species questionable if collection of nuts in continued like in the past.
Das Projekt "Non-exchangeable NH4-N in the subsoil:Significance for the N nutrition of plants (NitroNex)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bonn, Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz - Pflanzenernährung (Prof. Werner) durchgeführt. The project is dealing with the contribution of non-exchangeable NH4-N in the subsoil for the N nutrition of plants. It is divided into two main parts: In part 1 the content of nonexchangeable NH4-N in the subsoil of the Central field experiment (CeFiT) under different crops and influencing factors will be investigated. Special consideration will be given to the drilosphere, where easily mineralizable organic material is translocated into deeper soil layers and NH4+-ions, formed after mineralization may be specifically bound in interlayers of 2:1 clay minerals in the vicinity of biopores. Furthermore attention will be given to the reduction of NO3-, translocated into the subsoil, to NH4+ as a source for NH4+-fixation. In part 2 the amounts of non-exchangeable NH4-N released from subsoils throughout the growing season will be quantified. Special attention will be given to the influence of the root system on the mobilization of NH4+-ions from the interlayers of clay minerals. Partially interlayers of clay minerals will be labelled with 15NH4+. Under field conditions, in the Central microcosm experiment (CeMiX) as well as in model experiments with special containers, that allow to take soil samples from defined distances from the root system, depletion curves of nonexchangeable NH4-N will be created.
Das Projekt "Sustainable energy management systems (SEMS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fachhochschule Trier - Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Gestaltung, Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld durchgeführt. Objective: The aim of this project is to turn 4 core communities (Germany, Austria, Luxemburg, Poland) with clearly defined system borders and 14 - 20.000 inhabitants each into CONCERTO communities. A mix of different EE and RES demonstrations (including refurbishment of old buildings, eco-buildings and polygeneration, all underpinned with complete business plans) will allow to avoid about 300 GWh/yr end energy from fossil sources, thus avoiding 94.000 tons CO2/yr, and saving 22.9 mio Euro/yr of disbursements for extra-communal electricity and heat deliveries. The application of the Decentralised Energy Management System (DEMS) will allow for local and inter-communal operation, monitoring and control of energy consumption, storage and generation units and grids, including DSM and LCP, thereby exploring a EE potential of at least 5Prozent. The target in RES coverage for 2010 is of resp. 39 to 62Prozent of the then remaining electricity and heat demand. EnerMAS, a low-threshold version of the European environmental management system.
Das Projekt "Integrated control of thrips in vegetables in Eastern Africa - development of user-friendly ID tools" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie , Mikrobiologie durchgeführt. Main goals: 1. Identity, importance and distribution of major plant infesting thrips studied in Kenya and Uganda. 2. Conduct surveys for thrips, natural enemies and TSWV in cultivated plants and surrounding vegetation in Eastern Africa. 3. Development of a thrips identification key using LucID 3.4 software. 4. Fact sheet fusion database with special reference to tospovirus vectors. 5. Finally production of a CDROM: Pest thrips of Africa. (in collaboration with ICIPE/Nairobi)
Das Projekt "Improved Building Integration of PV by using Thin Film Modules in CIS Technology (BIPV-CIS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg durchgeführt. Objective: The results of the project will improve and widen the potential for the integration of solar (PV) energy systems into existing buildings. Special attention will be paid architectural and aesthetic questions. Building integration of PV systems in most cases leads to a 'high tech' and 'modern' appearance of the building. This is caused by the typical window-like surface of most conventional PV modules. Regarding however that90Prozent of the building stock consists of longer existing, that means 'old fashioned' buildings, it is evident that anaesthetically satisfying building integration of PV needs a lot of good will and creativity from planners and architects. In many existing building integrated PV systems the modules contrast with the building and its surroundings. A European survey on the potential and needs for building integrated PV components and systems will identify the basis for the development of modules away from the glass / window-like appearance. In the project PV roof tiles, overhead glazing and facade elements based on CIS thin film technology will be developed and investigated which have a modified optical appearance for better adaptation to the building skin. One of the ideas is optical decoupling of substrate and cover glass. A complete roof tile system with thin film cells adapted to the visual appearance of conventional roof tiles and innovative connection and mounting will be developed. The work includes prototype fabrication and tests according to relevant standards and subsequent performance tests. Novel overhead glazing includes semitransparent thin film modules optimised for daylight transmission. The backside appearance will be modified in order to represent the visible inner part of the building skin. For overhead and insolating glazing an invisible interconnection and for PV roof tiles a low cost connector will be developed. Project results will be systems ready for industrial production.
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